White box Testing VS Black box Testing

 

Feature	White Box Testing	Black Box Testing
Focus	Internal logic, code structure, and implementation details	External behavior, functionality, and user experience
Also Known As	Clear Box Testing, Glass Box Testing	Opaque Box Testing, Functional Testing
Testing Knowledge	Requires knowledge of the internal code and system architecture	Requires no knowledge of internal code or implementation details
Tester's Viewpoint	Tester has knowledge of the internal workings of the application	Tester has no knowledge of the internal workings of the application
Testing Level	Often associated with unit testing and integration testing	Applied at various testing levels, including system and acceptance testing
Test Case Design	Test cases are based on code structure and paths through the code	Test cases are designed based on functional specifications and requirements
Testing Techniques	Code walkthroughs, code reviews, static analysis	Equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, use case testing
Purpose	Uncover code errors, ensure code optimization and maintainability	Validate system functionality, find discrepancies between expected and actual behavior
Testing Types	Unit Testing, Integration Testing, Code Review	Functional Testing, System Testing, Acceptance Testing
Execution Tools	Static analysis tools, code review tools	Dynamic testing tools, test management tools
Documentation Focus	Source code, technical documentation	Requirements, test cases, user documentation
Knowledge of Code Flow	Requires understanding of the flow of code execution	No knowledge of how the code is implemented or executed
Programming Skills	Essential for testers to understand and modify code	Not required; testers focus on inputs and expected outputs
Testing Approach	Glass box approach, with knowledge of internal structures	Opaque box approach, with no knowledge of internal structures
Error Localization	Can pinpoint the location of defects within the code	Identifies defects at the input and output levels
Coverage Metrics	Provides detailed coverage metrics, such as code coverage	Coverage is based on functional requirements and test cases
Use in Security Testing	Valuable for security testing by examining potential vulnerabilities in the code	Identifies security issues at the functional and interface levels
Testing Independence	May require involvement of developers for code inspection and review	Independent testing without reliance on developers
Regression Testing	Easier to create automated regression tests based on code structure	May require frequent updates to test cases due to changes in functionality
Tool Dependency	Relies on specialized tools for static code analysis and code review	Can use a variety of testing tools without requiring knowledge of code